Mortgage loans are sold on the secondary mortgage market, which is a market for mortgage bonds and securities. The value of the mortgage loans is used as collateral in this market. These mortgage bonds and securities are purchased by investors, who then sell them for a profit. This process creates a stable market for mortgage loans.
This secondary market has many investors. Private firms and entities such as Fannie Mae purchase these mortgages and package them into securities. Investors then purchase these mortgage-backed securities (MBS). This market creates more efficiency and better meets the needs of the different players. These companies also receive fees from the banks that originate the mortgage loans.
The mortgage market is a complex industry, containing three major sectors. Understanding these sectors will make it easier for you to understand how to navigate the mortgage market. First, mortgages are divided into conforming and non-conforming loans. Conforming mortgages are loans that meet government standards, while non-conforming mortgages do not.
Another way to segment the mortgage market is by bank capital. The better-capitalized banks are more likely to hold mortgages on their balance sheets. On the other hand, poorly capitalized banks are more likely to behave like shadow banks and sell mortgages. The best-capitalized banks have a larger share of the conforming loan market than their less-capitalized counterparts.
Mortgage loans are available through mortgage banks, mortgage brokers, and non-profit institutions. A mortgage banker provides mortgage loans through their own funds or loans borrowed from other sources. A mortgage broker connects borrowers with potential lenders and helps them find a mortgage lender. Both commercial banks and credit unions provide mortgage loans in the primary mortgage market.
Mortgage rates are relatively stable this week. However, the volatility in the bond market may cause interest rates to change. The Federal Reserve is expected to raise rates 75 basis points next week, and other central banks are taking similar actions to combat inflation. These changes may also affect the market for mortgage loans. There are two types of mortgage bonds: riskier and safer.
Among the most common risks to the mortgage market are financial crisis and government intervention. During a crisis, the mortgage market can be very volatile. If a mortgage company is heavily subsidized, it may face a difficult time recovering. In such a case, mortgages may be a good option for borrowers who have fallen on hard times.
In addition to banks, private lenders also exist. They provide mortgages to customers with specialized needs that may be difficult to finance through a conventional mortgage institution. Some examples include business owners and wealthy individuals who may need creative financing. For example, a business owner’s earnings are often tied up in the business, and it’s difficult to document them for loan purposes. Other examples include those who have recently filed for bankruptcy and are looking for a way to recover from it.
